Cash reserves are money kept aside as an emergency fund. We are discussing the need to keep cash reserves as our fifth principle because, this is one important idea which most of us neglect. When you set aside some money from your earnings to meet unexpected expenses, there are four advantages that automatically comes with it:
1. Financial safety.
2. It allows you to take advantage of a surprise financial opportunity
3. It creates a compulsory saving habit.
4. Since funds are kept in liquid cash or gold, it earns interest or appreciates in value.
We recommend to create an emergency fund that equals to 4 or 5 months of living expenses; however, you do not need to set aside this total amount in cash alone. It can be in short term fixed deposit or Gold etc..
HOW MUCH RESERVE?
That depends from person to person.
There are a number of factors that influences your decision on the quantum of emergency fund that needs to be created. Factors such as age, occupation, health condition, monthly EMIs, number of members in the family, other sources of income needs to be considered on a one to one basis.
1. AGE:
Depending upon how old you are, the emergency fund required keeps changing. As you grow older, the possibility of medical emergencies is also high. Hence, if your age is on the higher side (let’s say you’re 45 years old) you also need an emergency fund that’s higher than some one who is just turning 30.
2. OCCUPATION:
The style of occupation/business you do is another factor that influences emergency fund decisions. If you are doing a seasonal business or if your job has an uncertain future, you need a higher emergency fund. People living on commission based income would also require a high emergency fund.
3. HEALTH CONDITION:
More reserve funds may be required for a person whose health condition is questionable. The amount of insurance cover he has should also be considered while assessing his future requirement. Higher the insurance, lesser the need for reserve funds on these grounds. Again, if you have your parents or grand parents living with you, you might need to plan accordingly.
4. MONTHLY EMIs.
The volume of debt you have needs to be analysed to get an idea about how much EMIs you’ll have to pay a month. Typically, while creating reserve funds, an amount equal to 6 months EMIs should be kept aside so that in case of emergency, you don’t default in your loan payments. A clear track record of loan re-payments is absolutely necessary for your future financial needs.
5. NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN FAMILY.
If the numbers of members you need to support are more (say 7 members) naturally you need a higher reserve than what would be required if you have only say, 3 members in your family.
6. OTHER SOURCES OF INCOME
You can count on your other sources of income, if any, while creating a reserve fund. One time or casual income or credit card limits should not be considered in this group. However, you can count on the income of your spouse or other family members staying with you in case of emergency.
7. OTHER POSSIBLE EXPENSES.
You may also want to consider other expenses like possible higher education fees for your child who is about to enter college or a possible repair for your house. It all depends from person to person.
HOW TO KEEP RESERVE FUNDS?
Hundred percent of your reserve funds need not be kept in liquid cash. A portion of it can be kept in short term fixed deposits or debt funds and a certain portion in gold or easily marketable securities.
Any cash lying idle over and above your emergency fund results in a lost investment opportunity. You are not making your money work efficiently for you.
THUMB RULE
The thumb rule is – You should have enough reserves to meet all the expenses for 4 or 5 months plus some extra to meet unforeseen expenditure like medical expenses.

HOW TO SPOT IDLE FUNDS?

• First estimate how much emergency fund you’ll require. (typically 3-6 months expenses)
• Now see how much you have in your bank account plus cash in hand.
• Deduct 3 or 6 months emergency fund. The balance is your idle fund.
• This fund should be invested immediately. You can take up a systematic investment plan so that an amount gets invested automatically every month; or you can open an online trading account and invest in stocks or mutual funds at your convenience ; you can opt to open FD linked savings account so that any balance above a certain limit automatically earns interest at a higher rate and so on..

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When asked to name the greatest mathematical discovery, Albert Einstein, one of the most influential and best known scientist and intellectual of all time replied – “compound interest”.

Let’s try to understand why he said so with a very simple example:

• Jerry starts saving when he turned 25 and invests Rs 50,000 every year. He earns a return of 10% every year.At the end of ten years; he has been able to accumulate Rs 8.77 lakh. After that, he dosen’t invest Rs 50,000 anymore. He leaves that investment there until he’s retires at 60. At that time,  he would have accumulated around Rs 95 lakhs .
• Tom, had fun and lived his first few years spending on all kinds of things and did not think of investing regularly. At 35, he starts to invest Rs 50,000 regularly every year until he retires at 60. I.e. for 25 years. But, he would have managed to accumulate only Rs 54.1 lakhs which is around Rs 41 lakhs less in comparison to Jerry.

5 simple points spell out from this story:

• Even by investing two-and-a-half times more than Jerry,Tom has managed to build a corpus which is 43% less!
• Why? Because,Jerry’s Rs 5 lakhs was allowed to compound for a longer period of time than Tom’s.
• As the fund grows, the impact of compounding is greater.Jerry starts at 25, accumulates 50,000 for ten years, stops at 35 and then, his 8.77 lakhs (5 lakhs + Interest) is allowed to compound for 25 years till he’s 60. Whereas Tom starts at 35 and invests Rs 50,000 for the next 25 years, accumulates 12.5 lakhs (50,000 x 25) only to get 54.1 lakhs at 60.
• Now let’s assume that Jerry had allowed the fund to compound for only 20 years i.e.  Till he turned 55. At 10% return every year, he would have accumulated an amount of around Rs 59 lakhs. By choosing to let his investment run for 5 more years, he accumulates Rs 45 lakh more.
• Essentially, compounding is the idea that you can make money on the money you’ve already earned.

Compounding is very powerful.As Napoleon hill has said- “make your money work hard for you, and you will not have to work so hard for it” To take advantage of it, you have to start investing as early as possible.The earlier you start, the better it gets.
Easily said ! isn’t it?
I know it generally doesn’t work as i said. Because at 25, most of you haven’t drawn a plan to invest 50,000 a year. Even if you’ve done it , somewhere down the way , you’ve missed to add to your corpus regularly year after year. And , due to some emergency that crept in, you took back some amount from the corpus and din’t let your money grow !
So , how can a regular person use it to his/her advantage? Always remember to reinvest interest or dividends received on your investments. Over a period of time, such small amounts will add up to a tidy sum.
FREQUENCY FACTOR IN COMPOUNDING
The frequency of compounding is a major factor that that influences the compounding effect. The shorter the compounding frequency, the earlier your interest is re-invested and thus you earn more interest and your money grows faster.
Here’s more examples:

• Savings of Rs 2500/- per month (Rs.30000 Per year) with 15% return will be worth Rs. 15028707/- (1.5 Crores) after 30 years. Yes, this is not typing error. It will be worth Really 1.5 Crores.
• Savings of Rs 2500/- per month (Rs.30000 per Year) with 15% return will be worth Rs. 30400370/- (3.04 Crore) after 35 years.

COMPARATIVE CHART.
Here is a comparative chart for you to understand.
Let’s assume that you invest Rs 10,000 annually. Your retirement age is 60. Let’s also assume that the interest rate you get is 10%.
At the age of 60 you will have -

• 49 lakhs -if you had started investing from age 20.
• 30 lakhs -if you had started investing from age 25.
• 18 lakhs – if you had started investing from age 30.
• 11 lakhs – if you had started investing from age 35.
• Just 6 lakhs – If you start at 40!! Take note of the impact.

Oh! That’s a huge difference! Now that you realized it late, what can you do? You can start now, invest more and reach the target of 49 lakh at age 60. This would mean more hard work and budgeting for you.   Let us see how much more you would need.
To get 49 lakhs at age 60 –

• Invest 10,000 annually – at age 20
• Invest 16,500 annually – at age 25
• Invest 27000 annually – at age 30
• Invest 45,000 annually- at age 35
• Invest 78,000 annually – at age 40!!

Generally what I find is that most of the Indians start thinking of saving and investing at the age of 30-35. The above calculation is made assuming that the interest rate you get is 10 percent. But the average interest rate of banks is less than that. I hope the picture is now clear for you. The more you delay, the more you need to invest.

Hope you have understood the concept of compounding and how it impacts your savings. That’s principle 3 for you.
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That’s interesting! This is one topic everyone will read very carefully because it all about finding money! Imagine that you found Rs 1000 between the pages of an old book on the shelf. You kept it some months back and forgot about it. How does it feel? Even if that money was never found, you would have still lived with what’s left in your wallet without even bothering where it disappeared. isn’t it?
This is the principle behind accumulating savings from your income. Set aside your target savings and forget about it as if it were not there and live with the rest. It’s not easy as you think,but definitely not impossible. And , it’s never too late to apply this principle !

To most of us Savings = Income (or salary)- Expenses . However, this formula doesn’t work ( as you would have already experienced ) since when money is in your pocket, you get trapped by advertising tricks like discount offers on Clothes or new gadgets which tempts you to spend more. It’s difficult to control expenses. As a result, your savings never hits the target. If what we said holds true for you and you seriously want to save a fixed 10% or 20% of your take home salary each month, you need a different approach to savings. We suggest Robert Kiyosaki’s method from his famous book ‘Rich Dad Poor Dad’.
What kiyosaki said is very simple. Instead of trying to limit your expenses every month, first deduct an amount which you intend to save and keep it in a separate account so that you live with only what’s left. So our formula has to be modified like this :

INCOME – SAVINGS(INVESTING FUND) = EXPENSES

Smart ! isnt’ it ? This formula forces you to “pay yourself first,” before the other expenses. That way you know your savings will not get lost in the daily grind of living expenses.
The other side of this formula is a forced discipline. You hold your expenses to no more than 90% of your take home pay.
You can even automate the process by having 10% (or any amount you want) deducted from your Salary account and transfer it into a separate account or fixed deposit, recurring deposit or other savings instrument .
So that’s the basic trick to find money!
But, that’s not all. You can also find money from many other sources. For example, Instead of going for parties and shopping, you can set aside extra payments like bonuses, commissions and so forth into your savings Fund.
So try to make it a habit to set aside 10% ( or what ever percentage you would like to set aside) and live with rest. If you do that, you have a great chance to succeed.

MORE TIPS TO CONTROL YOUR EXPENSES:

SPEND LESS

This is one simple method to save more. Sit back and analyse your spending habits and look where you spend more unnecessarily. Once you have identified certain areas of high spending, try to find ways to cut back. Take a decision that you’ll not spend more than a fixed budget.

MAKE A BUDGET

A budget is a very important tool to control expenses. Be it individuals or corporates. A budget is nothing but a chart or a statement that shows how much you earn and hence, how much you can spend.

PAY OFF YOUR LOANS

Loans carry high rates of interest. If you have a lot of EMI’s to pay, it naturally reduces your capacity to save more. It also shows that you’re living on high levels of debt which is not a right thing to do. If you have loans, first look for ways to pre-pay it as soon as possible. Another common area where you could lose a lot of money is credit cards. Credit cards companies slap huge interest for delayed payments.

TRY TO AVOID LATE PAYMENTS

Any bills – like electricity or telephone or internet or credit card has a deadline within which you are supposed to pay the dues. Unnecessarily delaying such payments results in payment of fines. Such expenditures can be avoided if you can get organized on your bill payments. Make a list of monthly payments and the deadline within which you are supposed to pay. These days banks also allow their customers to automate or link their periodic bills to their savings account or credit card.
Credit cards over dues need particular mention here. Credit card companies slap huge interest and fines for delayed payments.

THINK BEFORE YOU BUY

Do not buy anything on impulse. Before laying your hands on any fancy thing which is up for sale, think if it’s really needed.

SHOP SMART

Most of the big brands will be available at throw away prices once there’s an off season sale or sales promotion drive. For example if you want to buy an expensive watch, wait for the company to announce some discount offers. All the big brands announce discount offers at least twice a year.

KEEP DISTANCE FROM LAVISH FRIENDS

High spending lavish friends are may hinder your route to save money. It’s natural for you to get tempted by such friends to buy new gadgets every year. They may be nice guys and may not harm you in anyway, but to keep up with them , it may become necessary for you to spend high ( for example latest electronic items or cars , parties, expensive dresss etc ) which other wise ay not be required !

SAVING ENOUGH IS HALF THE JOB DONE

If you have saved enough,good. but saving is only half the job done.You have to give your savings the right opportunity to grow. Putting all your funds in fixed deposits or fixed income bonds is not a good idea. Your investments should have the right mix of equities, bonds, gold and fixed deposits.Deciding the ‘right mix’ of investments is something an investment expert can do. It depends on an individual’s age and risk profile.

KNOW IT

• Finding money is a matter of making it a priority.
• Pay yourself first and learn to live off with what is left. You will always have money with you. It may be difficult at first. But gradually, you will see your fund growing and that would encourage you to stick to it until you reach your goal of finding enough money.
• Bonuses and extra pays you get are opportunities to buy the latest iphone or Blackberry but a prudent option would be to create a savings out of it
• You can save a lot of money if you control your expenses.
• As time goes by, your small saving will also give you additional money in the form of interest. Finally, you’ll find that you’ve done a great job,creating more money than expected.

Take our word. It’s fool proof !!

I love my grandfather’s stories. We won't get into the ones that my grandma loves to scoff at. Like his brave encounters with tigers. Or the one about the milk that needed boiling. 
But you must listen to this one. My dear grandpa used to buy 10 litre of milk for 50 paise and 40kg of rice for one rupee a good sixty years ago!  

Don't believe me? Then sample this. In those days, there were coins of one paise and even less! Incredible, eh? But I have seen those with my own eyes in my father's collection of old coins.
What’s more, I also remember seeing and transacting in five paise and ten paise coins in my childhood. Alas! My son won't get to see those currencies. Except in a collection of old coins perhaps. 
Wondering why I am rambling about one paise coins and getting into the generation business? 
This is not a “Kal Aaj aur Kal” story. Or maybe it is. 
If you have an eye for detail you will have noticed the common thread that runs through these anecdotes. The point that I have been trying to make is how expensive things have become over the years. 
My grandfather used to buy 40kg of rice for one rupee and today a kilo of rice costs Rs30! Ten litre of milk cost 50 paise in his days but today you need at least Rs180 to purchase the same amount. 
See what the passage of time has done. It has eroded the value of money. Having Rs800 today is equivalent to having one rupee fifty years ago. 
Economists call it a decline in the purchasing power of money. The purchasing power of money is the amount of merchandise that a unit of money (say a rupee) can buy. 
And the term “inflation” has its roots right there. When the purchasing power of money dwindles with time, the phenomenon is called “inflation”. This is manifested in a general rise in prices of goods and services.
But why do prices rise? Let us understand why this happens with the help of a simple example. Onions are an integral part of any food preparation in our country. Can you think of having a meal without having a dish that contains onion? Why, onion and chapattis constitute the staple diet for many people!
Let us assume the onion crop fails in a particular year, for whatever reason.
What happens then? The supply of onions in the market drops. However, people still need onions. Inevitably, the price of onion shoots up as people scramble to buy the limited supply of onions. 
Remember November of 1998? Such a situation had actually happened in several parts of the country.  It had nearly brought down the government. The price of onions had risen to as high as Rs40 per kg or more. 
But how does a simple thing like a one-off drop in onion supply causes prices to rise across the board in a sustained fashion? 
In the winter of 1998, the dabbawallas and restaurants were forced to hike their prices in response to the rising prices of onions. Even your local barber and maidservant demanded a higher pay to meet their higher daily expenses. All thanks to the (mighty?) onion. This set off a chain reaction. 
How?
Think again. It is not only onions that we consume in the course of a day. There is a whole basket of products and services that we draw on, on a day-to-day basis.
Hence, some of you decide to use more of garlic to make up for the lack of onion. The demand for garlic goes up. A few who eat raw onions decide to substitute it with more of tomato and cucumber. The local sabjiwala senses this shift in consumption happening. The smart businessman that he is, he hikes prices of all vegetables. He starts earning more money. Now his children demand that he should get them a new 21" TV with 100 channels.
And with all sabjiwalas rushing to the nearest TV shop, the sales for TV picks up. The TV company makes more money. Noticing the ballooning profits, the employees of the company demand a hike in their salaries. You are lucky to be working for one such profit-making company. You have more money in your pocket. And you have always wanted to buy a car...
We could go on and on, but you get the idea, don't you? The price rise is here to stay. We just need to understand the concept of inflation. After all, the main objective is to figure out how inflation affects the three friends, saver, borrower and investor.
We know how important it is for all of us to save. We all need to save for the day when we will not be earning but will still need to spend money on food, clothing and the occasional movie. 
What would have happened if my grandfather had saved a rupee fifty years back to buy rice now? Oh boy! It would have been a total rip-off. He would receive a few grains of rice in exchange for that amount.
In short, inflation is one BIG enemy of savers.
So, why should we save?
A good and important question. But we will come back to it later. We need to find out how this monster they call inflation affects our two other friends.
We know that borrowing is the opposite of saving. So if the saver is losing, the borrower must be winning.
Yes, of course. After all, the borrower borrows to spend today and repay later. Imagine if my grandfather had saved a rupee fifty years ago and my grandfather's neighbour had borrowed it from him. The neighbour could have bought 40kg of rice then and have had a feast. In case he repaid the money to my grandfather now, all that my grandfather would have been able to buy with the rupee would be a few grains of rice!
To top it all, the borrower spends NOW and adds to the inflation effect, compounding the misery of our saver.

What about our last friend, investor, the slightly difficult one to understand? 

Imagine once again (just one last time, we promise) that my grandfather's friend had invested a rupee in a paddy field. That is imagine if he had bought a paddy field with a rupee. The smart guy would have been raking in money today, selling a kg of rice at Rs30! 
Our investor friend seems a lot better off than even the borrower who benefits from inflation.
No wonder investing is always considered as a good thing to do to beat inflation. It is what textbooks call “hedging inflation”.
Inflation is constantly increasing the cost of goods and services and eating into the value of your income and wealth. You need to save money and invest it well so that the value of every rupee is augmented. There are several investment options available including equities, mutual funds, bonds, deposits, real estate and gold to name a few.

Mutual funds are diverse stock holdings which are managed on behalf of the investors who buy into the fund. Mutual funds allow investors to take advantage of a diversified portfolio without the need of investing a large sum of money.


A diversified portfolio carries the advantage of offering protection against the rapid market losses of any particular stock. If stocks lose their value, the effect will be less if they belong to a portfolio that is spread across twenty stocks than if they belong to a portfolio that is consist of a single stock.
Diversification is always a good idea in making investments. The problem for small investors is that usually don’t have enough funds to buy a variety of stocks. Despite their limited funds, small investors benefit from diversification through mutual funds.

Mutual funds, aside from stocks, can be consisted of a variety of holdings that include bonds and money market instruments. Mutual funds are actually the companies and the investors are really the company share buyers. The shares in a mutual fund are either directly bought from the fund itself or indirectly bought from the brokers who represent the fund. Selling them back to the fund is a way of redeeming shares.

There are some funds which are managed by investment professionals who decide on which securities to include in the fund. Non-managed funds are also available. Indexes, such as the Dow Jones Industrial Average, usually serve as the bases for the funds. The funds, which simply duplicate the holdings of the index where they are based on, rise by a percentage that is the same as that of the chosen index. Non-managed funds often perform well and they sometimes perform even better than managed funds.

Mutual funds also carry some downsides. Aside from paying some fees no matter what the performance of the funds is, individual investors also have no say in which securities have to be included in the funds or not. In addition to this, the actual value of a mutual fund share is not as precise as that of the stocks on the stock market.

For small investors, a mutual fund is still considered to be a better choice than either stocks or bonds because they offer the diversity that provides cushion against unpredictable stock market movements. They also provide a greater return than bonds. Mutual funds can also lose value especially in the short term. Short-term investors are better off with bonds that offer a set rate of return.

The three main types of mutual funds are money market funds, bond funds, and stock funds. The type that offers the lowest risk, money market funds consist solely of high quality investments like those which are issued by the US government and blue chip corporations. Although they rarely lose money, money market funds also pay a low rate of return.

The aim of bond funds to produce higher yields than money market funds caused them to carry a correspondingly higher risk. The risks that are associated with bonds, such as company bankruptcy and falling interest rates, are also applicable to bond funds.

The types of funds that carry both the greatest potential for profitable investment and the greatest risk for losses are stock funds. The risk in stock funds is mostly for short-term mutual fund holders because stocks have traditionally outperformed other investment instruments in the long run.

There are different types of stock funds including ‘growth funds’ that attempt to maximize capital gain and ‘income funds’ that concentrate on stocks that pay regular dividends.

Those with limited funds or investment experiences are recommended to invest on mutual funds. When choosing the right fund, investors have to consider how much risk they are willing to take against their expected investment returns.

These days, you can’t retire without using the returns from investments. You can’t count on your social security checks to cover your expenses when you retire. It’s barely enough for people who are receiving it now to have food, shelter and utilities. That doesn’t account for any care you may need or in the even that you need to take advantage of such funds much earlier in life. It is important to have your own financial plan. There are many kinds of investments you can make that will make your life much easier down the road.

The following are brief descriptions for beginning investors to familiarize themselves with different kinds of investment options:

Life Insurance

Stocks

Stocks are a unique kind of investment because they allow you to take partial ownership in a company. Because of this, the returns are potentially bigger and they have a history of being a wise way to invest your money.

Bonds

A bond is basically a promise note from the government or a private company. You agree to give them a set amount of money as a loan and they keep it for a set number of years with a predetermined amount of interest. This is typically a safe bet and one that is a good investment for a first time investor because there is little risk of losing your money.

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are a kind of investment that are based on the gains and losses of a shareholder. Basically one person manages the money of several or many investors and invests in a list of various stocks to lessen the effect of any losses that may occur.

Money Market Funds

A good short-term investment is a Money Market Fund. With this kind of investment you can earn interest as an independent shareholder.

Annuities

If you are interested in tax-deferred income, then annuities may be the right kind of investment for you. This is an agreement between you and the insurer. It works to produce income for you and protect your earning potential.

Brokered Certificates of Deposit (CDs)

CDs are a kind of investment where you deposit money for a set amount of time. The good thing about CDs is that you can take the money out at any time without paying a penalty fee. We all know life isn’t predictable, so this is a nice feature to have in your option.

Real Estate

Real Estate is a tangible kind of investment. It includes your land and anything permanently attached to your piece of property. This may include your home, rental properties, your company or empty pieces of land. Real estate is typically a smart and can make you a lot of money over time

Indian indices:

Welcome to the ‘Weekly Market Wrap’ for July 11, 2014 where key benchmark indices slumped last week as investors booked profit after a strong rally in the past few months. An upward momentum in Indian shares kicked off after BJP led NDA government won a thumping victory in general election in May this year. Investors build up position in the equity market ahead of the Union Budget 2014-15 on expectations of far-reaching reforms.
Modi government's maiden Budget on Thursday, 10 July 2014, fell short of the hype. It lacked any major policy reforms and roadmap for reduction of subsidies. But Narendra Modi's administration earmarked substantial sums for new infrastructure, which should revitalise growth. Finance Minster Arun Jaitley made a number of announcements in Budget such as a proposal to increase in foreign direct investment in insurance and defence manufacturing, a sharp increase in plan expenditure, measures to boost long-term financing for infrastructure by banks and provided clarity on taxation with respect to foreign portfolio investors. But, market expectations that the Finance Minster would scrap the law on retrospective taxation were not met. Government spending on plan expenditure was substantially increased to support growth.
The S&P BSE Mid-Cap index fell 670.51 points or 7.02% to 8,875.24 and the S&P BSE Small-Cap index fell 819.92 points or 7.80% to 9,688.11. Both these indices underperformed the Sensex.
The S&P BSE Sensex fell 937.71 points or 3.61% to 25,024.35. The 50-unit CNX Nifty fell 292 points or 3.77% to 7,459.60.

Weekly market trend from July 07 – July 11:

July 07- India's NSE index rose on Monday to a third consecutive record high, while the benchmark BSE index surpassed 26,000 points, riding on gains in technology stocks ahead of Infosys Ltd's results and hopes of a fiscally prudent budget. The BSE Sensex rose 0.53% and NSE Nifty gained 0.46% for the day. The Sensex closed at 26100.08, up by 138.02 points, while the Nifty rose 35.55 points to close at 7787.15
July 08- Indian shares fell more than 2 percent on Tuesday, marking their biggest single-day fall in over 10 months as a lower-than-expected railway budget outlay sparked worries about subdued government expenditure in the federal budget due on Thursday. The BSE Sensex fell 1.98% and NSE Nifty slipped 2.11% for the day. The Sensex closed at 25582.11, down by 517.97 points, while the Nifty fell 163.95 points to close at 7623.20
July 09- India's NSE index marked a 1-1/2 week closing low on Wednesday, continuing to retreat from the record high hit in the previous session, as investors pared positions in blue-chips such as Tata Motors ahead of the federal budget. The BSE Sensex fell 0.54% and NSE Nifty slipped 0.50% for the day. The Sensex closed at 25444.81, down by 137.30 points, while the Nifty fell 38.20 points to close at 7585.00
July 10- Indian shares edged lower in a volatile session on Thursday as Finance Minister Arun Jaitley's pledge to narrow the fiscal deficit and open up sectors such as insurance and defence were offset by disappointment over the lack of major reforms. The BSE Sensex fell 0.28% and NSE Nifty slipped 0.23% for the day. The Sensex closed at 25372.75, down by 72.06 points, while the Nifty fell 17.25 points to close at 7567.75
July 11- India's NSE index fell 1.4% on Friday to post its biggest weekly loss since March 2013 as blue chips were hit by a range of factors including profit-taking and disappointment over the budget's lack of specifics. The Sensex closed at 25024.35, down by 348.40 points, while the Nifty fell 108.15 points to close at 7459.60

Global indices:

Top Losers: CAC40 down 3.75%, DAX100 fell 3.50% and FTSE100 slipped 2.82%.

Sectoral and stock screening:

Top Gainers: S&P BSE FMCG up 1.47% and S&P BSE IT up 0.73%
Top Losers: S&P BSE Power down 10.16%, S&P BSE CG slipped 9.98% and S&P BSE Realty fell 9.18%
Looking at the 'A' group stocks, the top three gainers of the week were – Crisil up 11.28%, IDFC up 9.52%, Sun Pharma up 6.84%
Top three losers of the week were - Unitech fell by 26.93%, GMR Infra fell by 22.75% and JP Power down 21.40%.

FII/MF activity

The foreign institutional investors (FIIs) have been the net buyers of the Indian stocks to the tune of Rs2091.93 crore and the domestic investors bought Indian shares worth a net of Rs131.60 crore as on July 09, 2014.

Market outlook for the coming week!

In the coming week, selling may continue amid lack of any major event. There could be some stock-specific action based on April-June 2014 corporate earnings announcements.
Macroeconomic data, trend in investment by foreign portfolio investors (FPIs), trend in global markets, trend in other global emerging markets, the movement of rupee against the dollar and crude oil price movement hold key.
On the macro front, the government is scheduled to announce the rate of inflation based on the wholesale price index (WPI) for the month of June 2014 on 14 July 2014.

Share Market Terms

The markets ended on a high note last week after three weeks of sideways movement. It was the hopes built around the first budget of Modi government that made the sensex and the nifty rally 862 and 242 points respectively.
Going ahead, the Big day is here. Millions of people, corporates and businessmen are waiting to hear what the finance minister has worked out for each one of them so that they may retain the hope of good days ahead. A friendly budget which will not impact the living standards of the people negatively and which will kick off the growth process will immediately spur an upward movement that may crack the 27,000 level (sensex) and 8,000 levels (nifty) for the first time. But on the other had if the budget turns out to be a disappointing one (especially for the FD investors) we’re going to witness a plunge that may dip below 23,500 (sensex) and 6,500 (Nifty). Finally, if the budget happens to be an ordinary one which leaves some happy n some sad, it’s going to have a mixed reaction with a short rally on the budget day and then a retreat back to where we’re standing now.

Now, we can’t really say what exactly is going to come out of Mr. Arun Jaitley’s box on July 10^th. So we suggest investors to watch the game from the sidelines. It will be prudent for those who have profitable positions in cash market to liquidate a portion and take some profits home. Investors having loss positions may hold on to their investments for a gamble – should the budget spark a rally, they might get an opportunity to off load their investments at a profit or at least at par. Remember that not all is well with the fundamentals and Mr. Modi had earlier hinted about taking tough steps that may not impress the common man. Apart from the budget, the first quarter earnings results will also kick off this week with Infosys results on July 11th. For investors looking for opportunities in banking sector , Indian overseas bank looks fairly valued at the present market rate of Rs 84.
Expect a volatile week ahead. We expect the sensex and the nifty to trade in a range of 25,000-26,500 and 7,550-7,890 for the nifty assuming that the budget is going to be a reasonably good one.

Commandment 1: Don't attempt to time the market

Timing the market is no guessing matter. To the little investor, timing the market is like taking a random walk. Most people only recognise the correct path after already having set foot on the wrong one. One exception to this is “bottom-fishing”, an approach to buy stocks that you want in your portfolio at prices below the prevailing levels. This entails biding your time and buying into a market downturn before the others do (the age-old philosophy of buying low, selling high). The downside of this approach being that the stock you want may never see the downside you expect.

Commandment 2: Don't try to outguess the market

Market psychology is for shrinks, not for couch potatoes like we humans. What captures the imagination of the market is transient. This means that what is “in” today is “out” tomorrow. Most people only recognise the pattern after it has become apparent to almost everyone else and is too late to act upon. For example, if investment in technology appears to be the current flavour, you are probably already too late to cash in on the trend. In this instance, you should only invest in technology as part of a long-term balanced approach.

Commandment 3: Treat investing like marriage--go for the long haul

Short-term investing could go either way. Invest for the long term. Almost all market pundits and investment studies show that stock investing should be part of a long-term strategy, lasting for five to ten, or even 20, years or longer. Beware that not every year will result in a positive return on your investment. However, over time the plus will likely overwhelm the minus by a substantial margin.

Commandment 4: Stay clear of broker's advice, hot tips and "multibaggers"

Every portfolio advisor is not Sharekhan (J) who swears by sound investment principles. Think. Wouldn't most brokers be tempted to make their living by goading their clients to constantly move in and out of positions, thus garnering commissions? This is diametrically opposite to Commandments 1, 2 and 3. For most people, stock advice is like a game--of darts! Only accept advice if the person has your financial interest in mind and is not making a living by selling your stock. Of course never buy from someone who calls on you and gives you advice. J

Commandment 5: Almost always invest in blue chips and blue chips-to-be

Do invest in companies that are considered blue chips. These include not only the BSE 100, but also the others that are slowly stepping into the big league. Invest only in established companies with a good track record. Beware that not every blue chip will rise after you buy it, and that even these otherwise stellar performers will have their good months/years and bad months/years. But over time, the fluctuations will even out and you would be left with a considerable net plus. Also invest in companies that have a good record of declaring dividends (and if you find the solitary one that increases its dividend pay-out each year...you know what to do).

Commandment 6: Prefer steady installment-like buying of stock to buying at one go

Investing should never be done in panic or be treated as an emergency. Purchasing your favourite few is best accomplished at a steady rate over time, so as to avoid the ups and downs of the market. This is called rupee cost averaging and is one of the safest approaches to investing. It works just like any other habit: you buy, regardless whether the price is up or down, until you reach the desired number of shares of that stock.

Commandment 7: Diversify, diversify and diversify

Do diversify your portfolio, both within your selected sectors and within the overall industry. For example, don't invest in only technology because it happens to be in vogue but consider the other industries as well.

Commandment 8: No shopping with borrowed money and maintain a core reserve

Never use margin money to buy stocks. You should not invest money you don't have. A simple and basic rule is to not leverage yourself to an extent that when the tide turns against you, all you are left with is nothing.

You never know when a financial emergency might arise. That's why you must keep a comfortable cash reserve in your savings account, so you do not have to tap into your long-term investments. A reserve equal to six months of salary should be just about ideal.

Commandment 9: Set realistic financial goals

Treat a 500% return with as much derision as you would a 5% return. Decide what you need the money for: To retire early, to finance your kid's college education or to fund your daughter's marriage or just to preserve and build wealth? Whatever the goal you set, make sure it is reasonable and attainable. Expecting too much will only lead to disappointment down the road. Aim for an expected return level that is realistic--not mediocre or overambitious.

Commandment 10: There are 10 more commandments

For those who thought that was the last of the ten commandments I have good news. There's more. Ensure that your portfolio size is controllable (15 stocks is about ideal) and your stocks are well researched. Checkpoints: Is the management quality above board? Does the company have a positive cash flow? Does it have the capability to compete on a global scale? Most importantly, is it shareholder friendly?

Finally, leave your emotions behind when you enter the world of investing. Follow the ten commandments. Time is on your side. Investment success won't happen overnight, so stay focused on long-term returns and avoid overreacting to short-term market swings. Remember, investment success depends on time, not timing.
Sharekhan has the best stocks under its coverage. Invest in them for the long term for healthy returns.

In line with the key identified investment themes (policy push-driven re-rating of construction, power and public sector undertakings, and early beneficiaries of an economic revival, like auto and financial services), we are adding
LIC Housing Finance, 
TVS Motor Company, 
Gabriel India and  
Gateway Distriparks
to the Top Picks basket. We believe that a possible pull-back or correction in these stocks after the recent upsurge would offer an attractive opportunity for investors to accumulate these stocks with a little longer time horizon.

2:00 pm Asian Markets: Japanese stocks rose to a three-week high , helped by gains in construction equipment makers on news China is taking steps to stimulate its economy, and as the dollar hit a 10-week high to the yen after solid US economic data. The Nikkei ended 0.8 percent higher to 15,071.88 points, the highest close since March 11. The broader Topix rose 0.5 percent to 1,216.77.
The JPX-Nikkei Index 400, a gauge comprised of companies with a high return on equity and robust corporate governance, added 0.6 percent to 11,029.28.
1:50 pm Interview: Debunking the myth that weak monsoons lone can be responsible for affecting the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) growth in the rural areas, Sunil Duggal, CEO, Dabur said the rural demand has been lower over the last two quarters. According to him, the correlation between rural income and monsoon is very direct. But the same with consumer demand is not always true. "We cannot be completely insulted from the impact of a bad monsoon. But it doesn’t alter the dynamics of consumption to a very great degree. Likewise a great monsoon also doesn’t accelerate demand, there are host of other conditions required to stimulate or depress demand," he added.
1:40 pm In focus: Shares of Unitech are attracting buyers after the company said it has been approached by a third party for its stake in Candor Investment- the IT parks. The stock gained as much as 6.5 percent intraday. Meanwhile, sources told CNBC-TV18 that real estate major Unitech and Unitech Corporate Parks (UCP) will sell six India assets for up to Rs 12,500 crore. It is learnt that the company will raise Rs 4,000-5,000 crore from milestone payments over three years. Unitech and UCP have signed exclusivity with a potential buyer and they will exit IT park portfolio of 16 million square feet, sources say.
1:30 pm Market outlook: Nirmal Jain, chairman, IIFL recommends long-term investors to hold on to their equity investments now. “Most foreign investors remain bullish on India and if nothing catastrophic happens then we can see a sustained bull market,” he told CNBC-TV18 in an interview. Market participants should adopt a bottom-up approach, but must not leverage given that election is a high risk event. “If the election outcome is not as per expectations then it will have a huge impact,” he cautioned. Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of India granted in-principle nod for the much-awaited bank licence to IDFC and Bandhan Financial Services on Wednesday. “This is positive start. They want the banking sector to open up,” Jain said. 1:20 pm Buzzing: Shares of Siti Cable Network rallied as much as 5.5 percent intraday after the company said promoters raised stake in the company to 72.82 percent, up from 63.08 percent as of December 2013.
The cable television service provider in its filing to the exchange said the promoters have invested additional Rs 243 crore in the business to support the aggressive growth plan to grow subscriber base to 10 million in FY14-15. "As per the approval received from Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) in March 2013 to raise Rs 324 crore from promoter entities, the company has already received first tranche Rs 81 crore in March 2013 and this is balance tranche fund of Rs 243 crore.
With this total promoter shareholding rises to 72.82 percent," the company elaborated. Don't miss: Bank licence regrets: L&T Fin, Muthoot, JM Fin tank 9-14% The market continued to remain under pressure as the Sensex is down 107.10 points at 22444.39, and the Nifty is down 33.45 points at 6719.10. About 1122 shares have advanced, 1380 shares declined, and 124 shares are unchanged. Banking, capital goods and oil & gas stocks are dragging the indices. 
BHEL loses 3 percent, followed by Coal India, SBI and L&T. The MCX board is likely to meet today to consider preferential allotment. Sources indicate that some private equity investors may join the board. Earlier, Financial Technologies was asked by FMC to reduce its stake in MCX to 2 percent from 26 percent.
The Aam Aadmi Party is likely to release its national manifesto for the 2014 Lok Sabha elections today. The manifesto will spell out party's stand over different issues including the party's agriculture, economic and foreign policy. Issues like gas price may also find place in the manifesto.

Country's largest carmaker Maruti Suzuki India (MSI) reported a 5.5 percent decline in total sales in March at 1,13,350 units as against 1,19,937 units in the same month last year. The company said its domestic sales declined  by 5.2 percent during the month to 1,02,269 units as against 1,07,890 units in March 2013. Sales of mini segment cars, including M800, Alto, A-Star and WagonR, declined by 11 percent to 40,085 units as compared to 45,047 units in the year-ago month, MSI said in a statement.
The company said sales of the compact segment comprising Swift, Estilo, Ritz rose by 9.3 percent to 28,285 units in March this year as against 25,868 units last year, reports PTI. 12:50pm HSBC's India manufacturing PMI down in March HSBC's India manufacturing PMI declined in March at 51.3 versus 52.5 in February, but remained above the waterline, indicating positive growth. "Growth in the manufacturing sector eased on the back of weaker growth in output and a slowdown in order flows from domestic clients.
By goods, consumer goods firmed, but the production of investment goods remains subdued according to panellists. Looking ahead, the recovery is likely to prove protracted. Meanwhile, inflation eased in March, with the PMI index for input and output prices falling," the HSBC report said.
12:45pm Expert on RBI policy Kunal Shah, fund manager-debt, Kotak Mahindra Old Mutual Life Insurance said, "RBI has maintained status quo as per our and consensus expectations, though not clearly spelled out in policy but RBI is incrementally concerned about sticky growth underperformance." According to him, RBI has hinted that lead indicators do not point to any sustained revival in industry or services & hence believes that slower activity will help disinflate the economy which will support the fight against inflation. "Till these processes evolve RBI feels current policy rates are appropriate and may not require further tightening," he added. "We expect current disinflation process to continue and core inflation to moderate further however sharp fall is unlikely in short-term. Monsoon will be key to watch as it can create short-term volatility in inflation path," Shah said.
12:40pm Rate hike unlikely if inflation does not rise further The Reserve Bank’s policy stance will be firmly focussed on keeping the economy on a disinflationary glide path that is intended to hit 8 per cent CPI inflation by January 2015 and 6 per cent by January 2016, the central bank said. It further said that at the current juncture, it is appropriate to hold the policy rate, while allowing the rate increases undertaken during September 2013-January 2014 to work their way through the economy. Furthermore, if inflation continues along the intended glide path, further policy tightening in the near term is not anticipated at this juncture, the RBI said.
12:35pm RBI says Since December 2013, the sharper than expected disinflation in vegetable prices has enabled a sizable fall in headline inflation. Looking ahead, vegetable prices have entered their seasonal trough and further softening is unlikely. Meanwhile, CPI inflation excluding food and fuel has remained flat. There are risks to the central forecast of 8 percent CPI inflation by January 2015 stemming from a less-than-normal monsoon due to possible el nino effects; uncertainty on the setting of minimum support prices for agricultural commodities and the setting of other administered prices, especially of fuel, fertiliser and electricity; the outlook for fiscal policy; geo-political developments and their impact on international commodity prices. 12:30pm Market falls further, banks extend losses Equity benchmarks extended losses in afternoon trade weighed down by banking and financial stocks.
The Sensex is down 81.76 points to 22304.51 and the Nifty down 20.25 points to 6683.95. India's biggest lender State Bank of India plunged 2 percent while rival HDFC Bank slipped 1.9 percent. Top private sector lender ICICI Bank and housing finance company HDFC dropped over a percent. Shares of L&T, ITC, HUL, Bharti Airtel, Maruti Suzuki, Bajaj Auto, BHEL and Coal India declined over 1 percent.

However, TCS held its early gains, up 2 percent followed by Wipro and ONGC with more than 1.5 percent. Infosys and Tata Motors climbed over 0.5 percent. 12:25pm RBI says Retail inflation measured by the consumer price index (CPI) moderated for the third month in succession in February 2014, driven lower by the sharp disinflation in food prices, although prices of fruits, milk and products have started to firm up. Excluding food and fuel, however, retail inflation remained sticky at around 8 percent. This suggests that some demand pressures are still at play.
12:20pm RBI increases the liquidity provided under 7-day and 14-day term repos from 0.5 percent of net demand and time liability (NDTL) of the banking system to 0.75 percent. It decreases the liquidity provided under overnight repos under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) from 0.5 percent of bank-wise NDTL to 0.25 percent with immediate effect.
12:15pm Rajan says the bank may need to push foreign banks to follow subsidiary model. Foreign banks avoid subsidiary route on priority sector norm, he adds.
12:10pm While addressing press conference after an announcement of bi-monthly review, RBI governor Raghuram Rajan said the bank had responded to Election Commission queries on banking licences. "We took Election Commission (EC) opinion on banking licences to stay away from controversy. Bimal Jalan had also suggested getting EC nod for banking licences," Rajan said. He further said the window for differentiated banking licences would be opened soon. 12:05pm Reserve Bank of India kept repo rate, at which banks borrow money from RBI, unchanged at 8 percent and cash reserve ratio at 4 percent. The central bank also left marginal standing facility rate and bank rate unchanged at 9 percent.
12:00pm The market remains volatile after the Reserve Bank of India kept policy rates unchanged that is in-line with expectations. The Sensex slips 15.12 points to 22371.15 and the Nifty declines 4.75 points to 6699.45. About 1174 shares have advanced, 1042 shares declined, and 131 shares are unchanged.   Top lenders State Bank of India, ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank decline 0.5-0.8 percent. Housing finance company HDFC slips 0.66 percent. State-run power equipment maker BHEL drops 1.7 percent, and engineering and construction major L&T is down 1.3 percent.

Nandan Chakraborty, MD, Institutional Equity Research, Axis Capital recommends investors to have a judicious mix of defensives and cyclicals in their portfolios now.
Sharing views on the current market rally, Chakraborty told CNBC-TV18 that in upmoves, consumer discretionary and BFSI stocks rise first. He expects 15 percent growth in Sensex levels by year-end. He sees big upside in select engineering and infrastructure  stocks.
Also, certain pockets of banking stocks may see large upmove going ahead. From the PSU banking pack, he is positive on  SBI  and PNB  . One can bet on auto ancillary stocks like  Motherson Sumi  in the midcap auto space, he added.
 Further, he added that earnings upgrade is seen only for companies with improvement in balance sheet, he said. Meanwhile, he expects further appreciation in the Indian currency.

IDFC and L&T Finance Holdings extended gains to 6 percent and 4.6 percent, respectively on hopes of banking license. 
The decision of whether to issue banking license or not during elections period is in hands of Election Commission and not the government. 
Election Commissioner VS Sampath on Tuesday said he has not taken a final call on the banking license issue. "
We will take up this issue on Monday," he added. Election Commission has raised legal ethical issues on banking licenses matter. 
12:20pm Talwalkars in focus Shares of Talwalkars Better Value Fitness rose 11 percent as buzz of stake sale gathered steam. According to media reports UK's health and fitness group David Lloyd is looking to buy 20 percent stake in the Indian health and fitness company. "The management of David Lloyd is in talks to pick up an equity stake in Talwalkars. This will help both companies to expand their current relationship," the report quoted an investment banker. 
12:10pm FII View Credit Suisse is bullish on India and considers elections to be a turning point for the country. Speaking exclusively to CNBC-TV18 on the sidelines of the Credit Suisse Asia Conference in Hong Kong, Sakthi Siva, Asia Strategist, Credit Suisse said that atleast 5-10 percent upside in the Indian market is possible from current levels in the near-term. Siva is quite confident that though India’s growth last year was the lowest in the past 10 years, but with politics, potential change, there could be a turning point for the Indian market and the economy. 
12:00pm The market extended an upmove in noon trade with the Sensex rising over 100 points supported by banks, capital goods and auto stocks. The Sensex rose 107.58 points to 22202.88 and the Nifty climbed 38.45 points to 6639.85. About 1468 shares have advanced, 869 shares declined, and 141 shares are unchanged. Top lender State Bank of India jumped 3.5 percent after Goldman Sachs has upgraded the PSU bank to buy from neutral rating and revised target price to Rs 2,080 from Rs 1,440 apiece. 
PNB and Bank of Baroda gained 2.5-3 percent while rivals HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank advanced 0.7 percent each. Axis Bank rallied 2 percent. Brokerage house Morgan Stanley added Axis Bank to its Asia ex-Japan model portfolio. The firm is positive on the stock given company's reducing risks in books. 
Telecom operator Bharti Airtel surged 3 percent followed by Hindustan Unilever, M&M, Hero Motocorp, BHEL and NTPC with 1-2 percent. However, state-run oil & gas major Oil and Natural Gas Corporation's stock (ONGC) is quoting ex- dividend today. It fell nearly a percent. The board of directors on March 24 have approved second interim dividend of Rs 4.25 per equity share of Rs 5 each for the financial year 2013-14.  
 Drug majors Sun Pharma and Dr Reddy's Labs declined more than 1 percent. Dr Reddy's Labs has launched Amlodipine Besylate (to treat high blood pressure) and Atorvastatin calcium tablets in US market.